rejet d'une demande d'asile d'une famille issue d'une union mixte arméno-Azéri

[joejo94]

Bonjour. Je viens de lire un article de 2012 sur le site espoirdasile.org concernant les problèmes que rencontrent les couples mixtes arméno-azéris dans leurs demandes de droit d'asile sur le territoire français. Bénévoles aux restos du cÅ“ur, nous suivons une famille depuis 4 ans et à qui l'OFPRA, la CDNA rejettent systématiquement leurs recours de demande d'asile. Cette famille issue d'union mixte arméno-azéri, aussi bien bénéficiaire que bénévole dans notre association mérite d'enfin se reposer et se reconstruire parmi nous. De plus, leurs deux petits garçons sont nés sur le sol français. Nous trouvons beaucoup de portes fermées du fait du statut sûr de l'Arménie, et selon l'argument qu'ils n'apportent aucune preuve tangible sur ce qu'ils ont vécu, mais surtout sur ce qu'ils risquent si la France les renvoie dans leur pays. Si vous aviez des conseils, ou des personnes susceptibles de nous aider, nous vous en serions reconnaissants. Merci par avance.

[FTLP]

Bonjour,
Vous devez savoir que la circulaire Valls du 26 décembre 2012 permet de régulariser des étrangers en situation irrégulière (octroi d'une carte de séjour temporaire "Vie privée - Vie Familiale" d'un an renouvelable.

Peuvent notamment être régularisés les parents d'enfants scolarisés s'ils répondent aux critères cumulatifs suivants :
- une vie familiale caractérisée par une installation durable du demandeur sur le territoire français qui ne pourra être qu'exceptionnellement inférieure à 5 ans, et
- une scolarisation en cours à la date du dépôt de la demande d'admission au séjour d'au moins un des enfants depuis au moins 3 ans, y compris en école maternelle.

A vous de voir si cette famille répond à ces critères. Si c'est le cas, elle pourra entreprendre des démarches en préfecture en vue de leur régularisation.

[apokrif]

C'est l'ensemble de la situation qui doit être considéré: quels sont les obstacles à leur installation en Arménie ou en Azerbaïdjan ? Ont-ils de réelles craintes dans ces pays, ou bien allèguent-ils uniquement des craintes anciennes, ou encore ont-ils carrément bidonné leur demande d'asile en sortant l'histoire à la mode:
http://old.hetq.am/en/society/migrants/
http://old.hetq.am/en/society/paris/
?

Au passage, un peu de doc sur cette problématique (qui montre que la réalité des craintes, en Arménie, concernant ce type de famille n'est absolument pas certaine):

Órgano: Tribunal Supremo. Sala de lo Contencioso
Sede: Madrid
Sección: 5
Nº de Recurso: 6374/2002
En la Villa de Madrid, a nueve de Diciembre de dos mil cinco.

No habiendo aportado en vía administrativa otros documentos que pudieran respaldar, al menos indiciariamente, su relato, tampoco la documental aportada en el curso de las actuaciones procesales proporciona el sustento necesario a su relato, pues el informe del Colegio Nacional de Licenciados y Doctores en Ciencias Políticas y Sociología refiere, sí, diversos problemas políticos internos en Armenia , pero no suministra información sobre la eventual existencia de conflictos étnicos como los relatados por los solicitantes en 1998 y 1999; y el informe de Amnistía Internacional, asimismo aportado por los actores, tampoco dice nada sobre el particular; por lo que no pueden considerarse desvirtuadas las razones -lógicas y coherentes- expuestas por la instrucción del expediente en el informe que sirvió de base a la resolución administrativa, confirmada en la sentencia ahora combatida en casación.

Órgano: Tribunal Supremo. Sala de lo Contencioso
Sede: Madrid
Sección: 5
Nº de Recurso: 7048/2001
En la Villa de Madrid, a treinta de Mayo de dos mil cinco.

SEGUNDO.- En su solicitud de asilo, los ahora recurrentes en casación expusieron, en síntesis, que al ser él armenio de religión cristiana, y ella rusa de origen tártaro y religión musulmana, habían sufrido persecución por motivos raciales y religiosos en los países de origen de cada uno. Primero en Rusia, porque a él se le consideraba de procedencia étnica foránea, y luego en Armenia, por la etnia y religión de la esposa; habiéndose traducido esa persecución en denegación del permiso de residencia, problemas laborales, malos tratos y hostilidad, e incluso agresiones físicas, sin haber conseguido protección por parte de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad.

Admitida a trámite la solicitud, y realizados distintos actos de instrucción, la instructora del expediente
emitió informe, que, en sus aspectos más relevantes, decía lo siguiente:

“[…]respecto a los problemas que tiene en Armenia, a donde se traslada en 1997, debido a que su mujer es musulmana, la información sobre las minorías étnicas y religiosas en dicho país no corroboran las afirmaciones del solicitante. La información menciona las religiones "no tradicionales" (testigos de Jehová sobre todo) y la situación de otros grupos minoritarios étnicos y/o religiosos (judíos, kurdos... quienes, por cierto, no tienen ningún problema), pero no se menciona en ningún momento a los musulmanes como grupo de riesgo o con problemas. Hay que tener en cuenta que la animosidad contra lo musulmán en Armenia fue motivada por la guerra que dicho país libró con Azerbaiyán (país islámico) por el enclave de Nagorno-Karabaj, pero esta guerra terminó ya en mayo de 1994, y la información sobre Armenia afirma que la situación de los ciudadanos de origen azerbayano (sobre todo los matrimonios mixtos) se ha normalizado[…]”

AL (Azeris and Mixed Marriages) Armenia [2005] UKIAT 00087 (21 April 2005)

On the information before us we find that Azeris who are settled in their local community in Armenia are not likely to be at risk. Those Azeris who have left Armenia but have settled family or community to return to are not likely to be at risk.

Azeri women married to Armenian men are not likely to be at risk. The situation might be different for Azeri men, or Armenian women married to Azeri men. In all cases the particular circumstances will need to be assessed to see whether there are factors which increase or reduce potential risk.

UNHCR position on mixed Azeri-Armenian couples from Azerbaijan and the specific issue of their admission and asylum in Armenia
UNHCR Geneva
April 2003

Today, it is widely believed that most of the remaining Azeris are of mixed marriage background and/or elderlies. The number is not known. It is also believed that the remaining Azeris keep low profile. According to NGOs, they feel relatively safe and secure as long as they remain in their own community. Their neighbours are aware of their ethnic background but this does not normally pose any problem. The key issue is that they have never left Armenia since the conflict started and are simply accepted as part of the community. There is no guarantee, however, that the same level of acceptance would be there if an Azeri individual should return after several years of absence or arrive there having never been in Armenia. In the past years, UNHCR has not been made aware of any mistreatment of ethnic Azeris. However, this does not categorically assert that there is no security risk for ethnic Azeris. Precisely because of their ethnicity, remaining Azeris
maintain discrete posture. They may not wish to unnecessarily expose themselves by reporting mis/maltreatment by Armenians. Therefore, in comparison with ethnic Azeris who have remained in Armenia, one cannot exclude the possibility of the higher risk for ethnic Azeris - even with Armenian spouses - returning to Armenia after many years of absence or sent there having never been in Armenia.

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Brussels, 1 September 2000 (20.09)
NOTE
from : Danish delegation
to : CIREA (Centre d'information, de réflexion et d'échange en matière d'asile)
Subject : Report on roving attaché mission to Azerbaijan, Armenia and Russia

Delegations will find attached1 a report from the Danish Immigration Service on the abovementioned mission, carried out from 14 June to 1 July 2000.


The Department for Migration and Refugees did not believe that Azeris had security problems in Armenia or that they were persecuted or discriminated against. Minor problems might arise with neighbours but these would not lead to physical violence. The Department considered that if Azeris were afraid this was for psychological reasons and not because of security problems.

The UNHCR commented that Azeris in Armenia were tolerated but that they kept a low profile.

The OSCE shared this opinion. The UNHCR was not aware of attacks by the authorities.

The UNHCR felt that the Azeris did not really have any problems but might do so if they actively expressed their ethnic identity.

The Norwegian Refugee Council was not aware of any persecution of Azeris in Armenia although Azeris did not conceal their ethnic identity. The Council considered that Azeris who had fled during the conflict would be able to return without particular difficulties. The Armenians showed no animosity towards Azeris.

The Helsinki Association had no information about Azeris in the country and no knowledge of any difficulties they might have.

The Sakharov Armenian Human Rights Foundation did not believe that Azeris had problems in Armenia. The same applied to the Iranian Azeris, many of whom were Azeris from Azerbaijan who had emigrated to Iran and then came to Armenia to do business in the free trade zone on the border with Georgia. They bought goods and sold them on in Yerevan. They spoke Azeri, without that causing any problems. There was no hatred of Azeris in the country. Any antagonism came from the political establishment. However, the situation between Azeris and Kurds was tense despite their having the same religious background.

The representative of the Russian minority did not believe that Azeris were discriminated against. He himself had an Azeri neighbour.

The UNHCR did not know the number of children from mixed marriages. The UNHCR believed that the situation was perhaps better for the children of mixed marriages but could not be sure as the organisation did not have knowledge of them.

It was common for Armenian asylum applicants in Western Europe to claim to be persecuted ethnic Azeris from Armenia.

The Danish Immigration Service
 Report on the fact-finding mission to Armenia
Concerning deserters, compulsory military service
and the situation of ethnic minorities
14 November – 21 November 1997
Copenhagen, January 1999

With regard to mixed marriages between Azerbaijanis and Armenians, the Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that approximately 165 000 Armenian citizens of Azerbaijani origin left Armenia in the early 1990s because of the strife between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Conversely, more than 300 000 Azerbaijani citizens of Armenian origin apparently returned to Armenia in the same period. An unknown but probably small number of Azerbaijanis continues to live in Armenia, chiefly in mixed marriages. According to the UNHCR and the CDHR, the authorities do not interfere in mixed marriages. However, harassment by neighbours in cases where the husband is of Azerbaijani origin cannot be ruled out.

All in all, the UNHCR, the IOM and the CDHR, along with the representatives of the Jewish and Yezidi-Kurdish communities and the Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs report that there is no persecution of people on grounds of their ethnic origin in Armenia. Discrimination at local level or in the army cannot be ruled out. Where the CDHR investigated allegations of discrimination on ethnic grounds, the allegations turned out to be groundless. Sources were unanimous that the economic situation in Armenia is difficult and that many wish to leave the country for that reason.

Voir aussi: http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1006_1187009391_armenien-situation-ethnisch-gemischter-paare.pdf